Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line


A 10-billion unit market induced by Internet!

Driving force:

The ADSL Forum
Getting 10MB/s to homes, using telephone lines
Formal education is often times misleading!?

Who wins:

Discrete MultiTone (DMT)
or
Carrierless Amplitude/Phase (CAP)?

Success story: Bay Networks

 

 

BROADBAND APPLICATIONS

 

Entertainment

Broadcast TV

6 Mbps

TV

 

VOD

3 Mbps

TV

 

Internet-Text

0.014-6 Mbps

PC/NT (TV)

 

Internet-Graphics

0.5-6 Mbps

PC/INT (TV)

 

Gambling

0.014-2 Mbps

PV/NT/TV

 

Games

0.014-16 Mbps

PC/NT/TV

 

 

 

 

Consumer

Shopping

0.5-6 Mbps

PC/NT/TV

 

Education

0.5-6 Mbps

PC/NT

 

Education

1.5-6 Mbps

TV

 

 

 

 

Professional

Work at Home

0.014-6 Mbps

PC

 

SOHO

0.014-6 Mbps

 PC

 

Video Conf

0.128-1.5 Mbps

PC

 

NT = Network Terminal (aka Gutless PC)

 

PC HOUSEHOLDS

 

ADSL CONFIGURATION

 

 

SPEED SHRINKS WITH DISTANCE

 

 

DSL BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES

 

HDSL

1.5/2.0 Mbps symmetric
T1/E1 service only (2/3 lines, no FEC)

 

 

SDSL

1.5/2.0 Mbps symmetric
T1/E1 rates on single line over POTS
Suitable for residential services

 

 

ADSL

1.5-9.0 Mbps, asymmetric (640 max upstream)
Single line over POTS
FEC, multiple premises interfaces
Circuit, packet and ATM multiplexing

 

 

VDSL

Current View 13-52 Mbps, asymmetric (3 Mbos upstream)
Emerging View 16-26 Mbps down, 6 Mbps up (PC symmetric)
Single line over POTS and ISDN
Rest in the air

DSL = Digital Subscriber Line, H = High, S = Single line, A = Asymmetric, V = Very high rate

 

LINE CODES

 

Two general alternatives in marketplace today

 

QAM/CAP-single carrier (like voice band modems)

10,000 in field trials
Helped prove ADSL concept

DMT-Discrete MultiTone

ANSI standard
1000 in field trials
Helped prove ADSL to 6 Mbps

 

DMT OR CAP?

 

Both will work.
But cannot be made to interoperate

DMT Benefits:

32 kbps rate granularity (CAP at 320 kbps) Probably works on more lines
Greater immunity to impulse noise
Spectral management tool
ANSI standard (ergo, 5 silicon efforts underway)

 

 

CAP Benefits:

Dominated field trials to date
Higher level of integration, now
Well understood
Supported by some major players
Interoperable with QAM

With equal levels of integration, complexity and power appear comparable.

Time is of the essence in the market

Stay tuned!

 

DSL: A POINT-TO-POINT SOLUTION

 

 

ATU-C = DSL modem in the CO
ATU-R = DSL modem at the service subscriber's premises
* Network interface: DSL equipment on both sides of the link (i.e., both the ATU-R and
ATU-C) have network interfaces to connect to the access provider's and customer's
networks. These interfaces may include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, ATM, T-1/E-1, ISDN,
Frame Relay, or others

 

TWO-DIMENSIONAL LINE ENCODING

 

 

 

 

BIT MAPPING CONSTELLATIONS
FOR A TWO-DIMENSIONAL LINE CODE
AND 64-CAP

 

 

UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM
CHANNELS IN CAP SYSTEMS

 

 

CAP TRANSCEIVER ARCHITECTURE

 

 

DMT'S UTILIZATION

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AVAILABLE ON A SINGLE TWISTED PAIR WIRE
(I.E., TELEPHONE CABLE)

 

 

DMT TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
ARCHITECTURES

 

 

MYTH VS. REALITY

 

Myth

Reality

  1. DMT has higher consumption
    than CAP.
  1. For equivalent rates CAP requires more power than DMT.
  1. DMT was intended for
    Video on Demand (VoD)
    and has been made obsolete
    by Internet access.
  1. DMT is very well suited for Internet support. The ANSI standard explicitly addressed data access. The upstream rate was chosen to reflect the 10:1 ratio that is optimum for Internet traffic.
  1. CAP invented rate adaptation.
  1. DMT has always been rate adaptive, takes it for granted,
    and implements it in a highly flexible and elegant way.
    Indeed, the coarse granularity of CAP (steps of ~300 kbps
    and no downstream rates of less than 640 kbps)
    renders its rate adaptation essentially useless
    for rural low-rate/long-reach applications. In contrast
    DMT steadily adapts in 32 kbps steps to support
    optimum rates on all loops.
  1. Performance is equivalent.
  1. DMT is demonstrably more robust and has much better performance-delivering higher rates, much longer reach, or both.
  1. DMT is heavily patented
    or inaccessible.
  1. DMT is defined in an open international standard
    mandating fair access. Many manufacturers have
    independently developed their own solutions.
    It is the CAP technology has remained proprietary
    and with only one supplier.
  1. DMT is less available than CAP.
  1. Solutions designed to the ANSI standard are available now
    from several suppliers: there is only source of CAS chipsets,
    and this will ot comply with proposed future definition.

ADSL modems versus cable modems:

Cable - 3Mbps (popular rate)

ADSL - 9Mbps/downstream and 1Mbps/upstream (popular rates)

 

Issues in cable technology (speed and price):

Getting faster and less expensive (better SNR, economies of scale, ...)

IEEE 802.14 (cable TV metropolitan area network standard)

 

Issues in ADSL technology
(very high speeed versus universal):

Orckit Communications offers very high speed DSL (52Mbps vs 13Mbps)

Microsoft (2000) Comcast $1B investment for UADSL (1.5Mbps vs 512Kbps)

Comparative dissadventages of ADSL:

a. A 4KHz splitter needed to separate voice from ADSL (not if cable used)

b. I-structure additions less widespread (modifications needed in PBX)

c. More expensive ($40 to $80 vs $40 = analog modem + second line)

d. More attractive for business (traditional experiences of phone companies)

 

Comparative adventages of ADSL:

a. Sending a fixed number of packets in time (not when bandwidth available)

b. Less security risks (interference can be an issue in cable technology)

c. All ADSL i-structure can transmit upstream (only 20% cable-i-structure)

d. All homes and businesses have phone lines (cable: H=60% and B=20%)

 

Reference:

Lawton, G., Paving the Information Superhighway's Last Mile,

IEEE Computer, April 1998, pp. 10-14.

 

Research at UB/IFACT


The VLSI point-of-view based on past experience:

1. DMT and VLSI
Algorithm versus algorithm implementation

2. The story of HFM
Getting repeated once every decade! IEEE Trans/ASSP

3. The story of GaAs
Ranking changes when technology changes! IEEE Trans/Computers

Acknowledgments:
Dejan Raskovic, ...